Knowledgeable Research: A Multidisciplinary Peer-Reviewd Refereed Journal

Efficient Exploration of Secure Socket Layer at Transport Layer Security

2025-01-26T03:06:56+00:00

In the world of computer networks, security is a paramount concern. Secure Socket Layer (SSL), an encryption protocol, provides secure communication over networks by ensuring privacy, data integrity, and authentication. SSL has evolved and was succeeded by Transport Layer Security (TLS), though the term SSL remains widely used. This paper delves into the history, functionality, types of SSL/TLS protocols, their applications, vulnerabilities, and the role of SSL in modern-day Internet security. Additionally, it addresses SSL certificate management, the transition from SSL to TLS, and the future of secure communications

Environmental Adult Education Programmes and Waste Management Disposal in the Public Modern Markets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2025-01-26T03:09:29+00:00

The study examined environmental adult education programmes and waste management disposal in the public modern markets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised 50 respondents comprising 23 market women from Sangana market, Afikpo and Rumuwoji ultra modern market in mile 1 and 27 market women from Bishop Okoye, Samwoko and Oroworukwo ultra modern market mile 3. The study adopted total enumeration method in which the entire population was studied without sampling due to the manageable size of the population. Instrument for data collection was a self-structured designed questionnaire titled "Environmental Adult Education Programmes and Waste Management Disposal in the public modern markets in Port Harcourt Questionnaire" (EAEPWMDQ) with a cumulative reliability index of 0.76 obtained showed the instrument was reliable. The questionnaire was structured using the four point Likert rating scale response of Very High Extent (VHE) = 4points, High Extent (HE)= 3points, Low Extent LE = 2points, and Very Low Extent (VLE) = 1point. Mean and standard deviation statistics were used to answer the research questions, while z-test statistical tool was used to test the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that market women in mile 1 and mile 3 market engaged in keeping the environment clean after their daily sales and the weekly sanitation organized by market chairman equally has been of great help in keeping the market clean at the end of every week. It was therefore recommended that public markets and its environs should be swept and kept clean regularly by these who makes any shop in the market at the close of their daily sales, and market chairmen should ensure markets are kept clean and everyone should keep his/her shade clean on every general market sanitation day.

Theatre Performance, Humanities and Niger Delta Crisis: A Study of Martins Dyke Odu’s Sarowa’s Tragedy and Jeta Amata’s Black November (2012)

2025-01-26T03:12:07+00:00

This study examines the intersection of theatre, film, and socio-political advocacy in addressing the Niger Delta crisis, in Martins Dyke Odu’s Sarowa’s Tragedy and Jeta Amata’s Black November (2012). This paper adopts Frantz Fanon’s Postcolonial theory and Cheryll Glotfelty’s Ecocriticism. Sarowa's Tragedy and Black November critique the ecological degradation and political neglect experienced in the Niger Delta. Through these narratives, the Niger Delta emerges as more than a region of conflict; it becomes a symbol of ecological crisis and economic exploitation. Odu’s play portrays the resilience of a community facing environmental destruction and violence, while Amata’s film expands this narrative to a global audience, underscoring international complicity in the crisis. Both works explore the despair of the Niger Delta people, their determination to resist, and the “alternative centres of power” that marginalize them. This analysis reveals how Odu and Amata use their respective genres playwriting and filmmaking to illustrate the Niger Delta’s ecological and political conflicts. Through vivid depictions of individual suffering and structural injustice, they evoke a collective sense of loss, betrayal, and the pressing need for reform. This research contends that theatre and film can serve as powerful tools for awareness and change, advocating for a solution to the Niger Delta crisis that respects both the environmental and socio-political rights of its people. By situating Sarowa's Tragedy and Black November, this study underscores the potential of the humanities to foster empathy, activisms, and transformative discourse.

Consciousness of water conservation in Atharvaveda Samhita in present perspective

2025-01-26T03:14:30+00:00

The Atharva Veda Samhita, which is an important part of ancient Indian knowledge and culture, provides deep consciousness and perspective in the context of water conservation. Considering water as the basis of life, it has been seen as a very important and sacred element in the Atharva Veda. The importance of water has been emphasized in it and its conservation has been stated as the responsibility of the society. In the Atharva Veda, various forms of water have been worshiped, such as the water of rivers, lakes and ponds has been considered life-giving. In the Vedas, water has been linked to "age", "health" and "prosperity", which makes it clear that without the conservation of water, the balance of society and environment is impossible. For example, the Atharva Veda talks about protecting the sources of water and using water judiciously, so that water is not wasted and it is available continuously.

In the present times, water crisis has become a serious problem, and this consciousness of the Atharva Veda, along with understanding the importance of water, also underlines the need for its conservation. From this point of view, this Veda is not only important from a religious or cultural point of view, but also provides a deep message for the solution of modern environmental crisis. The main objective of the consciousness of Atharva Veda can be to explain to today's generation the need for water conservation, protection of water sources and judicious use of water.

Thus, the consciousness of water conservation in Atharva Veda not only reflects the traditional beliefs of the ancient society, but also proves to be very relevant and useful in the present times.

Veda scholars consider them unforgettable on some grounds in this context. Just as other branches of Vedanga Vidya are in their own self-respecting directions, Atharva Veda seems to have the whole life in its fold. It includes all aspects of life like the deep mysteries of creation, divine prayers, yagya experiments, disease treatment, marriage, reproduction, family, social system and self-defense. Other streams of Veda have 'pure science along with esoteric knowledge, but Atharva Veda has practical science along with esoteric streams of science. In order to make life happy and free from sorrows, the sages have prescribed the yajna rituals. For their complete execution, four priests are required. Out of these, the most important priest Brahma is directly related to this Veda. Brahma has a prominent place among the priests of the Yagya Sansad. The responsibility of Brahma is to inspect the various rituals of Yagya and to rectify the errors. For this, it is essential for him to be a scholar of all Vedas and he should also be strong in morale. Both types of rituals of peace-enhancing and witchcraft are described in the Atharva Veda. The king has a special need for peaceful nourishing deeds and great donations like Tula Purushadi. Which is the main subject of the Atharva Veda. Matsya Purana says that the priest should be well versed in Atharva Mantra and Brahmin. In the Atharva Parishishta, it is even written that the nation in which a priest who is knowledgeable of the Atharva Veda and is well versed in peace rituals lives, that nation becomes free from disturbances and attains growth. Therefore, the king should worship the Atharva Veda scholar and the priest who has controlled his senses with respect and charity every day. Keeping in mind this importance of the Atharva Veda, Possibly some Acharyas have accepted it as the first Veda.

The Ashram system in the era of the Ramayana

2025-01-30T14:32:10+00:00

In the Ramayana period, the Ashram system was designed to balance various aspects of society, encompassing four major stages of an individual's life. In the first stage, the Brahmacharya Ashram, students received education. In the second stage, the Grihastha Ashram, individuals took on family and social responsibilities. In the third stage, the Vanaprastha Ashram, individuals became free from family duties to engage in penance and spiritual practice. In the final stage, the Sannyasa Ashram, individuals detached from the material world and moved towards self-realization and liberation. The purpose of these Ashrams was to prepare individuals for self-development and service to society.

The greatest contribution of the Ashram system was the spread of education and values. The Ramayana mentions Gurukuls and Ashrams where King Dasharatha's sons were raised and educated. Gurus like Vashishta and others taught Ram and his brothers morality, religion, and scriptures. The Ramayana highlights the principles of Raghukul Dharma, truth, and justice. Through the Ashram system, individuals learned the distinction between right and wrong, inspiring them to become good citizens and religious individuals. In the Vanaprastha and Sannyasa Ashrams, individuals engaged in self-realization, meditation, and spiritual practice. During his exile, Ram deeply reflected on life's serious aspects and set ideals. The guidance of ascetics and saints through the Ashram system became an ideal for society.

The Ashram system had a deep connection with society. The purpose of the Ashrams was not only to establish religious life but also to serve society. Each Ashram had its own social responsibilities. It facilitated the exchange of education, discipline, and values, aiming to equip the younger generation with religion, knowledge, and morality. The Grihastha Ashram was the main foundation of society, where family duties were performed. Ram's life, including his ideal family life, such as serving his parents and fulfilling the king's responsibilities, set a social example. These Ashrams aimed to maintain balance in society and present ideals through self-realization. After spending time away from society, these Ashrams would guide and strengthen society.