Nanotechnology and its application in agriculture biotechnology

Abstract

Nanomaterials have emerging applications in several areas like agriculture, biomedical
engineering, pharmaceutical engineering, and optical physics. The importance of the
nanomaterials in various industries is due to its unique chemical, physical as well as biological
properties. According to ISO and ASTM guidelines, the size of nanoparticles varies from 1 to
100 nm. The structure of nanoparticles exists in various dimensions, such as zero-dimension,
one dimension, two dimensions, and three dimension. These nanomaterials are also classified
into multiple categories, such as inorganic and organic-based nanoparticles. Nanoparticles
have unique enhanced properties due to its high reactivity, small particle size, large surface
area. Nanoparticles can be synthesized using several chemicals, physical as well as biological
methods. Nanotechnology plays a vital role in the agriculture field. It has an application in
crop improvement, crop protection, water purification, remediation of toxic materials, food
processing, and packing. The chapter focused on the classification, properties, synthesis
methods, characterization methods, and application of nanotechnology in agriculture.