FACTS AND POLICY ISSUES OF AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS AND THEIR WAGES

Abstract

Agricultural labourers form the backbone of rural economies, particularly in agrarian societies like India. Despite their vital contribution to agricultural production and food security, they often remain among the most economically and socially vulnerable groups. This paper explores the key facts and prevailing conditions of agricultural labourers, focusing on wage patterns, employment trends, socio-economic challenges, and the effectiveness of existing policy frameworks. It critically examines the disparities in wage distribution, gender and caste-based discrimination, lack of formal employment benefits, and the seasonal nature of agricultural work. Furthermore, the study analyzes government policies and schemes aimed at improving the livelihoods of agricultural labourers, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and Minimum Wage legislations. Through a review of empirical data and policy analysis, the paper highlights gaps in implementation and enforcement that hinder labour welfare. The findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive policy reforms that ensure fair wages, social security, skill development, and inclusive growth for agricultural labourers