Progressivism: A Comprehensive Revolution Against Exploitation

Abstract

Progressivism is the name given to that poetic stream in Hindi literature which, inspired by Marxist philosophy, adopted social consciousness and emotional awareness as its primary objective. In essence, Progressivism represents a strong opposition to capitalist and feudal systems, led by Marxist and socialist ideologies. It sought to empower the masses who were passing through severe crises and struggles, aiming to crush feudal and capitalist atrocities and establish the leadership of the proletariat. Progressivism emerged as a result of this struggle. In Progressive poetry, poets sharply criticize social, economic, and political inequalities rooted in exploitation. The vivid and realistic portrayal of peasants, laborers, beggars, widows, and prostitutes found in Progressive literature is rarely seen elsewhere. Regarding women, Progressive writers advocate liberation from the iron chains of male domination and recognize women as rightful claimants to freedom, declaring: “Liberate woman, O human!” Progressive poetry is rooted in social realism. It exposes the decayed and contradictory powers of exploitative classes such as traders, landlords, and industrialists. Progressive poets oppose orthodox traditions and reject belief in the authority of God, the soul, the afterlife, fatalism, religion, heaven, and hell. For them, the dignity and significance of human beings are paramount. By connecting literature with social reality, Progressivism transformed Hindi literature into a mirror of public life. It called for a comprehensive revolution against exploitation, making literature not merely a medium of emotional expression but a powerful instrument of social change