Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Their Application in Degradation of Textile Dyes by Advanced Oxidation Process

Abstract

The discharge of textile dye-containing wastewater into aquatic ecosystems is a major environmental concern because many synthetic dyes are chemically stable, non-biodegradable, and potentially toxic to aquatic organisms and human health. Conventional wastewater treatment methods are often inadequate for the complete removal and mineralization of these persistent contaminants. The present study focuses on the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their application as efficient nanocatalysts for the degradation of textile dyes through advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Metal nanoparticles, owing to their high surface area, unique physicochemical properties, and enhanced catalytic activity, offer considerable potential for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using appropriate analytical techniques to determine their structural, morphological, optical, and physicochemical properties. Their catalytic performance is evaluated using selected textile dyes under controlled experimental conditions. Advanced oxidation is investigated through the generation of highly reactive oxygen species, particularly hydroxyl radicals, capable of breaking down complex dye molecules into simpler and less harmful products. The effects of important operational parameters, including nanoparticle concentration, initial dye concentration, pH, oxidant dosage, temperature, and reaction time, are examined to determine optimum degradation conditions. The degradation efficiency is assessed using spectrophotometric analysis, while reaction kinetics are investigated using suitable kinetic models. The study is expected to demonstrate that metal nanoparticles can significantly enhance the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes and promote rapid degradation of persistent textile dyes. The findings may contribute to the development of efficient, economical, and environmentally sustainable nanotechnology-based approaches for industrial wastewater treatment and the mitigation of aquatic pollution.