Hydrocyanic Acid in Cynodon dactylon: Analyzing Its Prevalence and Effects in Shahjahanpur's Ecosystems

Abstract

This study explores the presence of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) in Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) across different ecosystems in Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Using both qualitative (Picrate Paper Test) and quantitative (spectrophotometric) methods, HCN concentrations were measured in leaves and stems collected from urban areas, grasslands, agricultural fields, and roadside locations. The results revealed significant variation in HCN levels, with the highest concentrations observed in agricultural field samples (140 mg/kg in leaves) and the lowest in grasslands (90 mg/kg in leaves). Leaves consistently exhibited higher HCN levels than stems across all locations. The data suggest that environmental factors, such as soil quality and agricultural practices, influence cyanogenesis in Cynodon dactylon. These findings underscore the potential risks of HCN accumulation in local flora and its implications for livestock grazing, human health, and ecosystem management. Recommendations for mitigating HCN exposure are provided, emphasizing the importance of monitoring agricultural practices and environmental conditions.