Serum Cholesterol Alterations in Albino Rats Induced by Lead Toxicity

Abstract

Lead toxicity is a serious global health issue, with the potential to affect multiple physiological processes, including lipid metabolism. This research examined the dose-dependent effects of lead acetate exposure on serum cholesterol in albino rats over 28 days. Rats were allocated to control and three treatment groups receiving 10, 30, or 50 mg/kg/day of lead acetate. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were assessed. Lead exposure resulted in significant dose-dependent increases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, with a reduction in HDL cholesterol. The LDL/HDL ratio, an indicator of cardiovascular risk, rose exponentially in the high-dose group. These results indicate that lead toxicity disrupts lipid metabolism, inducing dyslipidemia with increased atherogenic lipids and decreased HDL. The research points to the intricate interaction between environmental toxins and metabolic pathways, underscoring the importance of effective measures to reduce lead exposure and its related health risks. Additional research is needed to clarify the mechanisms of lead-induced lipid dysregulation and its possible implications for human health.